Jaundice is a common condition in newborns. It occurs when there is a high level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. In newborns, the liver is often not fully developed, making it difficult to process and eliminate bilirubin effectively. This leads to a yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice.
Types of Jaundice in Newborns
There are several types of jaundice that can affect newborns. Understanding these types is essential for identifying whether jaundice can come and go.
Physiological Jaundice
Physiological jaundice is the most common type. It usually appears within the first few days after birth. This type of jaundice is typically mild and resolves on its own as the baby’s liver matures. It peaks around the third to fifth day and then gradually decreases.
Breastfeeding Jaundice
Breastfeeding jaundice occurs when a newborn does not get enough breast milk. This can happen due to difficulties with breastfeeding or low milk supply. When a baby is not feeding well, bilirubin levels can rise. This type of jaundice typically appears during the first week of life.
Breast Milk Jaundice
Breast milk jaundice is different from breastfeeding jaundice. It occurs later, usually between the fourth and seventh day, and can last for several weeks. The exact cause is not well understood, but it is believed that certain substances in breast milk interfere with the breakdown of bilirubin.
Pathological Jaundice
Pathological jaundice is more serious and can be caused by underlying health conditions such as blood group incompatibility, infections, or enzyme deficiencies. This type of jaundice appears within the first 24 hours of life and requires immediate medical attention.
Can Jaundice Come and Go?
Yes, jaundice can come and go in newborns, especially in cases of physiological and breastfeeding jaundice.
Fluctuations in Bilirubin Levels
In the first few weeks of life, it is normal for bilirubin levels to fluctuate. This can cause jaundice to appear more noticeable on some days and less on others. Factors such as the baby’s feeding patterns, hydration, and general health can influence these fluctuations.
Reappearance of Jaundice
In some cases, jaundice may seem to disappear only to reappear later. This can happen with breast milk jaundice, which can persist for several weeks but generally does not cause harm. However, if jaundice reappears after it has completely resolved, or if it appears to be worsening, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.
Causes of Recurrent Jaundice
Dehydration
Dehydration is a common cause of recurrent jaundice. When a baby is not getting enough fluids, bilirubin levels can rise. Ensuring that the baby is feeding well and staying hydrated is crucial in managing jaundice.
Breastfeeding Challenges
If a newborn is having difficulty latching or if the mother’s milk supply is low, this can lead to fluctuating bilirubin levels and recurrent jaundice. Working with a lactation consultant can help address these issues and ensure the baby is getting enough breast milk.
Infections
Infections can cause bilirubin levels to rise, leading to the reappearance of jaundice. If a baby shows signs of infection, such as fever, lethargy, or poor feeding, it is essential to seek medical care immediately.
Liver Conditions
Although rare, some liver conditions can cause recurrent jaundice. These conditions may require specialized treatment and monitoring.
Monitoring and Managing Jaundice
Regular Checkups
Regular checkups with a pediatrician are important for monitoring jaundice. The healthcare provider will assess the baby’s bilirubin levels and overall health. In most cases, jaundice is mild and will resolve on its own, but close monitoring is necessary to ensure it does not become severe.
Encouraging Frequent Feeding
Frequent feeding helps to lower bilirubin levels by promoting bowel movements, which help eliminate bilirubin from the body. Whether breastfeeding or formula feeding, it is important to feed the baby often, especially in the first few days after birth.
Phototherapy
In cases where bilirubin levels are higher than normal, phototherapy may be used. Phototherapy involves placing the baby under a special light that helps break down bilirubin in the skin. This treatment is safe and effective and is commonly used in hospitals.
Adequate Hydration
Ensuring that the baby is adequately hydrated is key to preventing recurrent jaundice. Dehydration can lead to higher bilirubin levels, so it is important to monitor the baby’s fluid intake.
SEE ALSO: What Normally Happens in Healthy Newborns Without Jaundice？
When to Seek Medical Attention
While jaundice is common and often harmless, there are situations where medical attention is necessary.
Signs of Severe Jaundice
Severe jaundice can lead to serious complications if not treated. Signs of severe jaundice include:
Yellowing of the skin extending to the arms and legs
Lethargy or difficulty waking
High-pitched crying
Poor feeding
Dark urine or pale stools
If any of these signs are present, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
Persistent or Worsening Jaundice
If jaundice persists for more than three weeks or appears to be worsening, a healthcare provider should be consulted. Persistent jaundice may indicate an underlying health issue that needs to be addressed.
Concerns About Feeding
If there are concerns about the baby’s feeding, such as difficulty latching, low milk supply, or inadequate weight gain, it is important to seek help from a healthcare provider or lactation consultant. Proper feeding is essential in managing and preventing jaundice.
Long-Term Outlook for Newborns with Jaundice
In most cases, jaundice in newborns is temporary and resolves without causing any long-term effects. Physiological and breastfeeding jaundice typically resolve within the first few weeks of life. Breast milk jaundice may last longer but does not usually cause harm.
Conclusion
Jaundice in newborns can indeed come and go, particularly in cases of physiological and breastfeeding jaundice. While this can be concerning for parents, it is usually a normal part of a newborn’s development. However, it is important to monitor the baby’s condition closely and seek medical advice if there are any concerns. With proper care and monitoring, most cases of newborn jaundice resolve without complications.
